The dye is an important process in making a rug. Dyes used in the majority of handmade rugs are all natural, mainly from plants and insects.
The process of dying is so fascinating. First the wool is soaked for about thirty minutes in hot water, and then immersed in an alum bath for up to twelve hours. after this is boiled for an hour in alum-water before being placed in the dye vat, where it remains for a period from just a few hours to a number of days, depending on the color and nature of the dye-stuff. The alum bath helps to ensure that the dye will be fast. Even though the wool is all dyed at one time it may still have color variations, due to difference between the wool of individual sheep. dying silk is even more difficult and requires all the skills of a master dyer.
Each color in handmade rugs has a special meaning. Below is the list of some of these color symbolism:
White Purity, peace and innocence
Black Destruction or mourning, but also strength and protection
Red Passion, happiness, and luck; also symbolizes energy and protection.
Blue Tranquility, wisdom, and strength; represents the sky and spirituality.
Green Sacred in Persian culture; symbolizes paradise, renewal and hope.
Gold/Yellow Wealth, power, and the sun's energy.
Brown Fertility and the earth; represents humility and connection to nature.
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